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ADHD in Adults - Treatment Options

ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the general population. It is accompanied by high rates of co-morbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, substance abuse) and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments.

Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are the most frequently prescribed drugs.

Medicines

Many people with ADHD have significant improvements in symptoms and performance as a result of medication. It is important that people suffering from ADHD discover the right combination of medication that works for them.

Stimulants, including amphetamines and methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed medications for adults with ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid forms and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Some adults supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medicine taken once a day to decrease the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day.

Adults with ADHD can be treated effectively with antidepressants, like desipramine. This class of drugs can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants to boost their effects of untreated adhd in adults. They may also increase the risk of serious adverse consequences, like rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension.

Adults with ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam or clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications were initially created to treat hypertension. They have a calming affect and can help improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in some adults. However, these medications can result in a drop in blood pressure when they are abruptly removed or reduced in dosage.

Psychotherapy is also beneficial for adults with ADHD. Individual talk therapy helps them overcome feelings of embarrassment, shame, and resentment against coworkers, teachers, supervisors, and family members that may criticize or nag them. Additionally, marriage and family counseling can help couples with ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication.

Behavioral Therapy

A key goal of psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD is to teach strategies and techniques that enhance performance in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also aid those who suffer from ADHD overcome low self-esteem and sense of inadequacy that can be a result of this condition.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that cause difficulties in their lives and to learn new ways of thinking, feeling and doing. This short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy has been proven to be effective in treating a variety of conditions such as anxiety and depression. It can be utilized in conjunction with other treatments or by itself.

CBT can include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for those suffering from ADHD as it allows them to meet others who face similar challenges and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to standard therapy for adults with ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life.

Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were linked to a variety of modalities that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving, and mindfulness meditation.

However, caution is advised in comparing the efficacy of different treatments for adults with ADHD. It is likely that different outcomes of the treatments are due to a variety of variables such as treatment characteristics, measures used as well as the backgrounds of the patients. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback, an approach doctors that treat adhd in adults involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while performing cognitive tasks to determine areas of the brain where there is too much or too little activity. Then, instructing the individual to control these patterns.

Counseling

Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment for severe adhd in adults. Counseling can help address these issues, which could be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy approaches which can improve a person’s ability to manage conflicts and create meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help manage self-destructive, impulsive and negative behavior that can create difficulties at school or at work.

In some cases, psychotherapy is used as an adjunct to medications for adult adhd in adults treatment. Patients suffering from co-occurring disorders like addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder must be assessed to ensure their symptoms are not worsened by the medications used to treat ADHD. People with certain medical issues, including thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history of seizures, must be treated more aggressively because they are more at risk of complications from medication.

If ADHD is sufficient to cause problems with everyday functioning and quality of life intensive outpatient programs could be recommended. These programs offer more thorough and organized treatment than traditional outpatient therapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists adults suffering from ADHD enhance their ability to manage their time, impulse control, executive function, and planning. It teaches them to recognize and express their emotions and uses activities and worksheets to make the lessons interesting. The training in mindfulness meditation improves CBT and improves the ability of a person to focus and manage emotions. It also improves a person's ability to handle stress and arousal. It can assist them in dealing with sadness, anger, and other emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD.

Occupational Therapy

Adults suffering from ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. These symptoms can also affect relationships and cause financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you increase self-esteem, address the root of your issue and develop healthy coping mechanisms.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD, as it helps them to alter their negative thoughts and behaviours. It is focused on teaching time management techniques and overcoming thinking distortions that can lead to negative moods and the perception of a limited number of possibilities.

Many adults with ADHD have depression or anxiety disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can diminish or increase the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. It is therefore recommended to treat the most severe comorbid condition and then monitor its reaction to the medication prior treating the other condition.

Occupational therapy can help you learn ways to organize your life and work, set up routines that are predictable, manage time and money and build an optimistic self-image. It can help you master relaxation methods that may reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Yoga and other workouts can aid in improving your focus by ensuring your body is stable in different poses.

Family and marriage counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to resolve the issues they create for their children, spouses and friends. They often complain about being unreliable, disorganized, forgetful and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are educated about ADHD can help you develop healthier relationships. It can also help you and your family members understand that the problems are caused by ADHD instead of an inability to care or an unwillingness to cooperate.

Clinical Trials

Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder which is extremely frequent. It is often associated with other disorders that are comorbid, such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include medication and psychosocial interventions. There are a variety of medications available to adults suffering from ADHD, and some of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and limitations of the medications.

Adults who suffer from ADHD have the same symptoms as children, but it can be difficult to recognize them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist until adulthood. In addition, adults with ADHD might not have a family history of the disorder in their family or they may not remember experiencing symptoms. A thorough medical history is essential to determine if the symptoms of untreated adhd in adults are due to an illness like thyroid problems or sleep apnea. It could also be due to hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning.

Adult medications for ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and nonstimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective drugs to treat adults suffering from ADHD and their response rates are within the 70-80 percentage range. Amphetamine as well as methylphenidate are the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate may also be administered through a transdermal system. This permits continuous medication delivery during the day.

Adults with ADHD can take non-stimulant drugs that act on norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine, the most studied tricyclic, has been proven to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose drug and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired effect is observed.

Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, was shown to work in adults with adhd treatment for adults online. It is a dopamine agonist and blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic transporter, thereby increasing its presence in the brain. This drug is known to improve mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity however, it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive function as stimulants.